Tire production process using water jet treatment

ABSTRACT

Process and device for treating vulcanized rubber surfaces before bonding by creating surface roughness and elimination of degraded surface particles through the use of a high-pressure fluid jet.

This is a division of application Ser. No. 08/359,525 filed on Dec. 20,1994 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,759,322.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the bonding of rubber materials and moreparticularly to the processes for treatment, before bonding, of thesurfaces of vulcanized rubber materials that constitute tires.

DISCUSSION OF BACKGROUND

The retreading of a tire consists in separating it, i.e., removal by amachining operation of what remains of the worn tread, then mounting anew tread. The retreading requires that a mechanical bond be formedbetween the materials of the crown of the tire and the new tread,whether or not it is prevulcanized.

Usually this mechanical bond is created by inserting a nonvulcanizedcushion gum between the crown and the new tread. Consequently, whenretreading is done with a prevulcanized tread, it is necessary to obtainan excellent bond between, on the one hand, the (nonvulcanized) cushiongum and, on the other hand, the materials of the crown and the new(vulcanized) tread.

Likewise, when a tire is being repaired, an excellent bond must beobtained between the materials of the damaged areas, after theirdegraded parts are removed, and a nonvulcanized repair material that mayor may not be accompanied by a reinforcing part or vulcanized "patch."

To obtain good bonding, it is necessary, in particular, that thesurfaces of the vulcanized materials be clean, that their oxidized ordegraded surface parts be removed, that they have a suitable roughness,and that contact with the nonvulcanized material be made under goodconditions with, in particular, sufficient application pressure.

In the case of retreading tires, the machining intended to remove whatremains of the worn tread can be performed in several ways. A firstmethod consists in using a "buffing machine." Such a machine uses arotary abrasive tool including a set of metal disks having abrasiveteeth on their outside circumferences. These disks are assembledperpendicular to a common axis of rotation. The buffing makes itpossible to remove what remains of the worn tread and thus to bring thecrown of the casing to the desired geometric shape while imparting tothe rubber surface a roughness that is suitable for the subsequentbonding. An example of suitable roughness is provided by the referenceplates provided for retreading and repairing tires by the RubberManufacturers Association. This machining by buffing, which is simpleand effective, is the process currently used. However, it has severaldrawbacks: (1) a great deal of damaging heating of the rubber surface iscaused; (2) a great deal of rubber debris is produced which needs to bevacuumed off; and (3)difficult work conditions are created because ofthe pollution due to the noise and the rubber crumb.

Another method consists in removing what remains of the worn tread witheither hot or cold blades. However, after this machining, the rubbersurfaces obtained are smooth; this necessitates a subsequent brushing oroperation to create the surface roughness that experiments have shown tobe necessary for good bonding reliability.

A critical area of the mechanical bond between the crown of the tire andthe new tread is the area located at the two lateral edges of the newtread. Depending on the geometry of the tread used (i.e. flat tread,flared tread, curved tread . . . ,), the lateral edges or flarings or"flanges" are connected to the edges of the crown or to the shoulders ofthe tire. This area is heavily stressed mechanically during driving, andit has been found that any bonding failure causes cracks to appear, andthen to spread. These cracks can then spread along the interfacesbetween the cushion gum and the crown or the tread, and may alsopenetrate directly into the materials of the crown or the shoulders.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly one object of this invention is to provide a novel methodand device for treating vulcanized rubber surfaces before bonding whichmakes it possible to clean the surfaces and to create a roughness thatis suitable for an excellent bond without it being necessary to performa or brushing operation.

The application of this treatment method to retreading tires, repairingtires, producing prevulcanized treads as well as producing new tires,constitutes another object of the invention.

In the case of retreading, a particular object of the invention is toachieve an excellent bond in the area located between the two lateraledges of the new tread and the crown or the shoulders.

Tire "casing" is defined to mean either a used tire whose used treadremnants have been removed by a machining operation, or a vulcanized newtire that lacks only the tread.

The process for treating vulcanized rubber surfaces before bonding,according to the invention, comprises a step for creating surfaceroughness and for eliminating degraded surface particles by applying ahigh-pressure fluid jet.

This process for treating rubber surfaces before bonding has theadvantage of providing clean surfaces that are free of fouling and havea fine and even roughness suitable for a bond of excellent quality.

Many operating conditions for applying a high-pressure fluid jet make itpossible to create surface roughness according to the invention.

According to a preferred embodiment, use is made of a fluid jet, asection of which, perpendicular to the direction of application of saidfluid jet, has an approximately elliptical shape with a ratio betweenthe major axis of the ellipse and the minor axis of the ellipse which isgreater than 6.

This "flat" fluid jet is preferably applied in such a way that thedirection of the relative displacement of fluid jet in relation to saidrubber surfaces is perpendicular to the major axis of said ellipse ofthe section of the fluid jet.

The use of such a flat fluid jet, with such an orientation in relationto the direction of the relative displacement of the treated rubbersurfaces, makes it possible to treat a strip of said rubber surface atany time without this treatment affecting anything other than thesurface area of said rubber surface.

Depending on the nature of the treated vulcanized rubber material, thefeed pressure of the fluid is between 100 and 250 MPa. To prevent theapplication of a fluid jet with such pressures from causing cuts in thetreated rubber surfaces, it is very important to have a high speed ofrelative displacement between the fluid jet and the treated surfaces; aspeed of between 50 and 300 m/min is suitable.

According to another characteristic, the high-pressure fluid is sprayedon the vulcanized rubber surfaces at a distance between 8 and 20 mm.

It is a further advantage of the present invention that water can beused as the fluid applied under pressure.

The invention also has as its object a device for putting into practicethe preceding process for treating vulcanized rubber surfaces beforebonding. This device, using a pressurized fluid, comprises a feed pipefor said pressurized fluid, with the pipe ending in a nozzle, andincludes apparatus for support and for relative displacement ofvulcanized rubber surfaces in relation to the nozzle. The nozzle has anoutlet orifice for the fluid which orifice is obtained by theintersection of a cone and a dihedron, with the axis of the cone beingperpendicular to the straight line of intersection of the two planes ofthe dihedron.

According to another characteristic, an extension of the outlet orifice,along a plane perpendicular to the axis of said cone, has a ellipticalshape with a ratio between the major axis of the ellipse and the minoraxis of the ellipse on the order of 1.4.

Advantageously, the angle of the apex of the cone is between 25 and 35°and the angle of the dihedron is between 65 and 70°.

According to a preferred embodiment, the length of the major axis ofsaid ellipse of said plane extension of said outlet orifice of thenozzle is between 0.30 and 0.40 mm.

The invention also has as its object a first application of the processto the retreading of tires. This tire retreading process ischaracterized in that, after the remaining portion of the worn tread isremoved by machining with and before a new tread is applied, thesurfaces of the crown and of the shoulders of said tire are prepared byapplication of a high-pressure fluid jet.

This process is particularly indicated when the machining of the crownof the tire to be retreaded is performed with a separating blade. Thepractically smooth surface obtained from the machining can then besubjected to a high-pressure fluid jet without it being necessary to usea machining device such as a buffing machine or a brush.

The roughness of a rubber surface can be characterized with the aid of alaser profilometer. This device measures, in particular, the R_(a)parameter: arithmetic average of all the values of the roughness profileover a given evaluation length l_(m) (DIN 4768).

The application to retreading of the process for treating vulcanizedrubber surfaces before bonding, according to the invention, is furthercharacterized in that, after having been treated, the roughness R_(a) ofthe surface of the crown of the casing is greater than or equal to 10micrometers.

The process of the invention can also be applied to the repairing oftires. The resulting process of repairing tires is characterized inthat, after the degraded materials are removed from a damaged area ofthe tire, and before an additional material or a repair patch is appliedon said damaged area, said area is treated by the application of ahigh-pressure fluid jet.

The invention also has as its object a process for producing aprevulcanized tread characterized in that, at the outlet of thevulcanizing mold, the surface of the sole of the tread is subjected to ahigh-pressure fluid jet.

This process for producing a prevulcanized tread can easily andadvantageously include the inside and outside lateral edges of thetread.

This has the advantage of treating all the surfaces which can come intocontact with the cushion gum, particularly when the cushion gum projectsover the outside lateral edges of said tread during the subsequentcuring phase of the casing and tread assembly.

If the process for producing said tread gives rise to the existence ofmolding burrs on at least one of its lateral edges, the processaccording to the invention can include a phase for cutting off burrswith a high-pressure fluid jet.

Consequently, these burrs are no longer be points where cracks start,and the reliability of the mechanical bond between the casing and thetread is greatly strengthened.

Finally, the process according to the invention can also advantageouslybe applied to the production of new tires. According to this process,after a prevulcanized tire casing as well as a prevulcanized tread areproduced and before they are assembled using known means, the surfacesof the crown and the shoulders of said casing are treated with ahigh-pressure fluid jet.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendantadvantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes betterunderstood by reference to the following detailed description whenconsidered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for putting into practice theprocess according to the invention for the treatment of a tire casing;

FIG. 2 is an axial section of a nozzle for applying a high-pressurefluid jet;

FIG. 3 shows an axial section of a nozzle for applying a high-pressurefluid jet, viewed according to E as indicated in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is view of the outlet orifice of the fluid outside the nozzle,viewed according to direction F indicated in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 presents a roughness profile of a tread sample produced bysmooth-mold curing and before treatment according to the invention;

FIG. 6 is a roughness profile, with an ordinate scale four timessmaller, of a sample similar to the preceding one after the treatmentbefore bonding;

FIG. 7 is a roughness profile, on the same scale as FIG. 6, of areference sample of the Rubber Manufacturers Association, that of RMA 3;

FIG. 8 indicates the steps of the standard retreading process;

FIG. 9 presents the steps of the retreading process with application ofthe surface treatment process according to the invention;

FIG. 10 is a partially exploded axial section of a tire;

FIG. 11 depicts a section of a premolded and prevulcanized tread for theretreading of a casing, known as "flat tread;"

FIG. 12 shows a device for holding a flat tread, to be treated accordingto the invention;

FIG. 13 depicts the process for treatment of an edge of the sole of theflat tread;

FIG. 14 shows a cross-section of the lateral edge of the mechanical bondobtained between a flat tread and the crown and shoulder of a casingafter curing;

FIG. 15 is a variant of FIG. 14 in the case where the outside end of thetread is covered by the cushion gum;

FIG. 16 depicts the process for treatment of an edge of the sole of atread that is premolded and prevulcanized in a ring; and

FIG. 17 is a section similar to FIG. 14 in the case of a ring tread.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals designateidentical or corresponding parts throughout the several views, a devicefor putting into practice the process of the invention for the treatmentof a tire casing is provided in FIG. 1.

This device comprises a pump (not shown) for pressurizing and feeding(Jet-Edge No. 36-100) of fluid (water) under pressure, a feed pipe 1which ends in a nozzle 2.

Tire casing 3 is mounted on frame 4. The casing is driven in rotation bythe four rotating cylindrical supports 5. In all cases, casing 3 hasbeen placed in rotation before any fluid jet under pressure begins to beapplied and has been stopped only after said application of the fluidjet under pressure has ceased.

Nozzle 2 is fastened to arm 6 of a robot 7 which allows displacement atan imposed linear speed and along determined paths relative to theinside and outside surfaces of tire casing 3.

The utilized fluid is water.

This device is characterized by great flexibility of use: thecharacteristics of the water jet (feed pressure, flow rate) as well asthe conditions of its application (distance, relative paths, and speedsof displacement) can be adjusted.

The geometry of outlet orifice 10 of the water under pressure to theoutside of nozzle 2 is the result of the intersection between a cone 8and a dihedron 9. The axis of cone 8 is perpendicular to the straightline of intersection of the two planes of dihedron 9 (FIGS. 2 to 4).

The angle at the apex of cone 8 is, preferably, between 25 and 35° andthe angle of dihedron 9 is preferably between 65 and 70°.

A plane projection, along the axis of cone 8, of outlet orifice 10 hasan elliptical shape with a ratio between the major axis of the ellipseand the minor axis of the ellipse on the order of 1.4. The length of themajor axis of this ellipse is between 0.30 and 0.40 mm. Nozzle 2 is madeof, e.g., steel.

The advantage of this geometry is that a "flat" water jet is obtained,i.e., a perpendicular section of the water jet, at a distance of about12 mm from nozzle 2, which exhibits an approximately elliptical shapewith a major axis on the order of 10 mm and a minor axis on the order of1.5 mm. The "useful" width of the water jet, i.e., the area where theapplication pressure of the water is maximum, is about 3 to 4 mm.

During application to a rubber surface, the major axis of the ellipse,which is parallel to the straight line of intersection of the two planesof dihedron 9, is perpendicular to the direction of the displacement ofthe treated rubber surface relative to the water jet. This makes itpossible to increase appreciably, at any time, the rubber surfacetreated by the water jet at a given relative displacement speed betweenthe water jet and the rubber surface.

Many operating conditions make it possible to conduct the treatment ofvulcanized rubber surfaces, before bonding, according to the invention.The following conditions, however, are particularly suitable with anozzle 2 such as the one previously described and have been used for thetests described below:

feed pressure of the water: variable from 150 to 250 MPa;

distance between nozzle 2 and the surfaces to be treated: 12 mm;

speed of advance of the vulcanized rubber surfaces: 100 m/min;

displacement speed of the nozzle: 1 mm/sec (this speed is normal to thespeed of advance of the vulcanized rubber surfaces).

The roughness of the rubber surfaces, before and after treatmentaccording to the invention, was characterized by parameters R_(a),R_(max), S, which were obtained by means of a laser profilometer with anevaluation length of 48 mm.

R_(a) : average roughness according to DIN 4768, an arithmetic averageof all the values of the roughness profile over the evaluation lengthl_(m) =48 mm;

R_(max) : maximum roughness over the total evaluation length l_(m) =48mm;

S: number of peaks, number of elevations of the profile which exceed adetermined cutoff line, here located at 20 micrometers on both sides ofthe average line of the roughness profile.

To appreciate the nature of the roughness of the surfaces obtained, oneof the surfaces proposed as references by the Rubber ManufacturersAssociation has also been characterized; these surfaces are called "RMAplates" below.

FIGS. 5 to 7 depict roughness profiles measured on the followingsamples:

sample 1: surface of a stock sample for a tread before treatmentaccording to the invention, obtained directly from a smooth mold curing(FIG. 5) (scales: abscissas 1 mm for 500 μm, ordinates 1 mm for 2.5 μm);

sample 2: surface of the same stock sample for a tread after treatmentaccording to the invention with a water feed pressure of 200 MPa (FIG.6) (scales: abscissas 1 mm for 500 μm, ordinates 1 mm for 10 μm);

sample 3: surface of an RMA 3 label, this surface has a roughnessobtained by roughening recommended for retreading (FIG. 7) (scales:abscissas 1 mm for 500 μm, ordinates 1 mm for 10 μm).

The following table exhibits the roughness characterization results ofthe samples.

                  TABLE 1                                                         ______________________________________                                        characterization of the roughness of the surfaces of                          the samples of stocks                                                                 Sample 1   Sample 2 Sample 3                                          ______________________________________                                        R.sub.a (μm)                                                                         2.0          13.9     63.8                                          R.sub.max (μm)                                                                       33.7         168.9    363.8                                         S (±20 μm)                                                                        1            89       36                                            ______________________________________                                    

These measurements indicate that, starting from a practically smoothsurface, the treatment of surfaces according to the invention makes itpossible to reach an R_(a) level of 13.9 μm. Compared with the sample ofRMA 3, smaller values of R_(a) and R_(max) are found, while having manymore peaks S. This indicates that the roughness obtained by thetreatment according to the invention imparts a finer and more evenroughness than buffing. This is confirmed by the roughness profilespresented in FIGS. 6 and 7.

Furthermore, the maximum roughness obtained indicates that the effect ofthe treatment is limited, in depth, to the first tenths of a millimeterof the treated rubber surfaces.

The standard bonding tests performed in a laboratory, i.e., underoptimum performance conditions, with treated or brushed or buffedsamples, have confirmed the quality of the bonding obtained with thetreatment according to the invention.

The process for treating vulcanized surfaces according to the inventionapplies particularly to the retreading and repair of tires.

FIG. 8 indicates the sequence of the operations traditionally followedduring the retreading of a tire. After beads 12 and sides 11 of the worntires are brushed to clean them, separation is performed, i.e., theremoval of the remnants of worn tread 15 by means of a buffing machine.Then, casings 3 are inspected and the damage "skived," i.e., brushedwith a hard brush or a small buffing device to remove all the damagedmaterials. The skiving is following by a brushing with a soft brush toeliminate the parts of the materials burned by the hard brush and toclean the cavities of all debris and dust. After additional dustremoval, a tire cement is applied to the damaged areas to facilitate thesubsequent bonding of the surfaces. This solution is allowed to dry, andthen a repair material or patches are applied to these same surfaces:the "gumming" of the damage. In turn, crown 14 then receives tirecement. After the tire cement dries, a cushion gum 16 and the new tread15, prevulcanized or not, is placed on the surface of crown 14. Finally,cushion gum 16, the repair materials, and new tread 15 are vulcanized,if necessary.

FIG. 9 indicates retreading and repair operations using the surfacetreatment according to the invention. The tires are directly separatedwith a separating blade. The damage is then skived using a small cuttingrotary tool with a cylindrical blade. This tool makes it possible toremove all the damaged parts and leaves the surfaces approximatelysmooth. The group of interior 13 and exterior 11, 12, 14 surfaces oftire casing 3 is then treated by the application of a high-pressure jetof water using the device depicted in FIG. 1 and under the conditionspreviously described. Sides 11, beads 12, and interior 13 are treated bya jet of water applied with a feed pressure on the order of 150 MPa.Finally, the surfaces of crown 14 shoulders 19 are treated with anapplication pressure on the order of 200 MPa. After drying in, e.g., adrying oven, a tire cement is put on all the surfaces of the damage.After this tire cement dries, repair material or patches are applied tothe damaged areas. The tire cement of crown 14, the placing of cushiongum 16 and of tread 15 on crown 14 of casing 3, and the vulcanization ofcushion gum 16, of the repair materials, and of new tread 15, ifnecessary, are finally performed as before.

The treatment according to the invention thus has the advantage ofmaking it possible to use cold cutting tools such as separating bladesduring the separation, or tools having a rotary cylindrical blade,during the skiving of the damage, without it being necessary later toperform a buffing or brushing operation. This avoids the installation ofdevices for vacuuming up and removing the rubber crumb. Anotherimportant advantage is that this treatment can be applied to all of thesurfaces to be treated, regardless of their geometries. The workconditions in the shop are also very greatly improved.

The conditions of the surface treatment of the sides and of the insideof the tire are less demanding than in the case of the crown andshoulders. Actually, this treatment does not require that as distinct asurface roughness be obtained. It must provide a surface condition thatis suitable for the optional subsequent bonding of repair material orpatches.

Of course, the surface treatment, according to the invention, is alsovery effective in the case of buffed crown surfaces. In this case, itmakes it possible to eliminate the surface particles that are degraded,particularly by heating. It also ensures treatment of the entire surfaceof the crown, for example areas which can be smoothed because of amanual repatterning of the profiles. Finally, it makes it possible toeven out the surface roughness.

In addition, the number of repair operations and the time necessary foreach of them are considerably reduced.

The treatment according to the invention can also be applied to theproduction of premolded and prevulcanized treads 15 for retreading.

Two processes are currently used to create a clean surface condition forgood subsequent bonding on a tire crown 14 (FIG. 10);

after vulcanization of tread 15, sole 20 of said tread 15 is brushed,then a tire cement is applied, and a strip of polyethylene is applied asprotection;

before curing, a polyester fabric is placed under sole 20 of tread 15,which will be bonded tightly to sole 20 during vulcanization. Thispolyester fabric will protect sole 20 before it is applied to crown 14of the tire. Just before this application, said sheet is torn away,which creates a surface roughness that is suitable for bonding.

The application of the treatment according to the invention to theproduction of premolded and prevulcanized treads consists insubstituting for the brushing operation after curing the application ofa high-pressure jet of water to create the surface roughness suitablefor subsequent bonding on crown 14 of a tire casing. This process alsoadvantageously replaces the costly application of the polyester fabricon sole 20 of tread 15 before curing.

This process is applicable to all types of tread, particularly "flattreads" 24 (FIG. 11) and ring treads 29.

A device to perform this treatment of a prevulcanized tread, forexample, a "flat tread" 24, is depicted in FIG. 12. Flat tread 24 (FIG.11) is rolled against the inside surface of a cylindrical sleeve 25mounted on a frame 27. The profiles of flat tread 24 are placed againstsaid sleeve 25. Flat tread 24 is locked by a dog 26. Cylindrical sleeve25 and flat tread 24 are placed in rotation by rotary supports 28, andthen the treatment is performed by the device shown in FIG. 1.

This process for producing a prevulcanized tread 14, 24, 29 can easilyand advantageously include inside 21 and outside 22 lateral edges oftread 14, 24, 29 which is much more difficult to perform during abrushing operation. By inside lateral edges 21 are meant the lateralends of sole 20 of the tread, and by outside lateral edges 22 are meantthe ends of the lateral faces of the tread that are adjacent to sole 20of said tread 15, 24, 29.

This has the advantage of treating all the surfaces which can come incontact with cushion gum 16, particularly when cushion gum 16 projectsover the lateral edges 21, 22 of tread 15, 24, 29 during the subsequentcuring phase of casing 3 and tread assembly (FIG. 15). A prime cause ofseparation in critical area 18 at the two lateral edges of tread 15, 24,29 is thus eliminated (FIG. 10).

A second cause of separation in this critical area 18 is the presence ofmolding burrs at the two lateral edges of tread 15, 24, 29. Actually,during the molding of the treads, excess stock is able to flow over thelateral edges and thus constitute burrs. These burrs are fine tabsseveral tenths of a millimeter thick which must be removed after curing,for example by a cutting with a blade.

When this cutting is poorly performed or is incomplete, the remainingparts of these burrs quickly become the starting points for separation.

The process of preparing for the bonding of sole 20 of tread 15, 24, 29can advantageously comprise a phase of cutting away these burrs 23 bymeans of a jet of water under pressure.

FIG. 11 depicts a tread known as a flat tread 24. In this case, burrs 23are located at the two lateral edges of tread 24. To cut them off, it isenough, during the treatment of sole 20, to apply the water jet withmore demanding conditions imposed on the ends of tread 24, by reducingthe speed of advance, for example.

FIG. 13 indicates the path traveled by nozzle 2 during the treatment ofthe lateral end of a sole 20 of a flat tread 24 which comprises amolding burr 23. The application of the jet of water to molding burr 23,for example by reducing the displacement speed of the nozzle relative tothe surface of said burr, suffices to cut off the burr very cleanly. Thetreatment includes, over several millimeters, the outside edge 22 of theflat tread for the reasons previously mentioned.

FIG. 14 depicts the geometry of the mechanical bond obtained afterassembly of casing 3 and curing. Cushion gum 16 is in contact only withsurfaces of vulcanized materials treated according to the invention,including when the cushion gum 16 rises against end 22 by creep duringcuring (FIG. 15).

The treatment of a ring tread 29 comprising molding burrs 23 is depictedin FIG. 16. In this case, sleeve 25 has a shape suited to the outsidegeometry of ring tread 29. This sleeve 29 comprises a lateral stop 31against which flanges 30 of ring tread 29 rest. In addition to treatingthe entire sole 20, nozzle 2, for example, makes several passes atmolding burr 23, which pushes molding burr 23 against lateral stop 31 ofsleeve 25. The pushing of burr 23 against sharp angle 32 of stop 31 isenough to cut off said burr 23 at this angle 32.

FIG. 17 depicts the geometry of the mechanical bond obtained aftercuring in the case of such a ring tread 29 with flanges 30. Again,cushion gum 16 is in contact only with vulcanized rubber surfacestreated according to the invention and, consequently, the reliability ofsuch a mechanical bond is excellent.

Tests have been performed to check the quality of the bond achievedafter treatment according to the invention.

By way of example:

four new 315/80 R 22.5 XDA tires were separated with a separating blade,then the surfaces of their crowns were treated by application of a jetof water at high pressure, two with a feed pressure of 150 MPa and twoat 230 MPa. The completion of the retreading procedures was thenperformed in the standard way. The tests performed on the vehicle tocheck in particular the mechanical strength of critical areas 18 did notreveal any separation in these areas 18 for the four tires underconsideration (FIG. 10).

Tires prepared as before, but with application pressures of 150, 200,230 MPa, were also subjected to a hammering test of the crown whichcauses the creation of cracks and their rapid progression in areas ofdeficient quality of bonding between tread 15 and crown 14. In allcases, the separation of the tires after the end of the test revealed noarea of weaker bonding.

These two tests prove the quality of the bonding obtained aftertreatment according to the invention during the retreading of tires.

The case of a repair of the "inside rubber" of a tubeless tire, i.e.,the layer of stock which is placed under the casing layer of the tireand ensures the airtightness of the tire by taking the place of the airchamber:

Four tires had the same area of said inside rubber repaired. Two werebrushed to RMA 2, and two were treated with an application pressure of150 MPa. At the end of one hour, a patch was placed on a brushed andtreated tire, after application of a tire cement.

At the end of 64 hours, a patch was placed on the two remaining tires,after application of a tire cement.

The four patches were vulcanized in known way, and then the patches weretorn away.

For the two tires that underwent brushing, separation occurred at thelevel of the bond between the inside rubber and the material of thepatch. However, for the two tires treated according to the invention,the separation took place between the inside rubber and the calenderingof the casing layer.

In conclusion, these tests show an improved quality of the bond betweenthe patch and the inside rubber after treatment according to theinvention compared with the traditional brushing.

Finally, this process can also be applied to the production of newtires. In this case, a prevulcanized tire casing 3 is produced in asmooth mold. A premolded and prevulcanized tread 15, 29, preferablyring-shaped, is also produced. Then crown 14 of casing 3 and/or sole 20of tread 15, 29 is treated according to the invention. A cushion gum 16is applied. Finally, standard assembly is performed, followed byvulcanization of cushion gum 16.

This process has the advantage of eliminating the problems connectedwith the molding of profiles during the curing of the tire, for examplethe uncertainty regarding the actual position of the reinforcing wiresdue to the lack of control of the rubber flows, while ensuring theproduction of tires of excellent quality.

Obviously, numerous (additional) modifications and variations of thepresent invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It istherefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims,the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically describedherein.

What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by letters patent ofthe United States is:
 1. Tire production process, comprising, in order,the steps of:producing a prevulcanized tread and a prevulcanized tirecasing; applying a high-pressure jet consisting of water to surfaces ofa crown and of shoulders of said casing for creating surface roughnessappropriate for adhesion; drying said tire casing; and, assembling saidtread and said casing.
 2. Tire production process according to claim 1,wherein the step of producing a prevulcanized tread includes, subsequentto prevulcanizing, the step of applying said high-pressure water to asurface of a sole of said tread.
 3. Tire production process according toclaim 1, wherein, after application of the high-pressure water jet,roughness R, of the surface of the crown and of the shoulders of thetire casing is greater than or equal to 10 micrometers.